Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Plasmodium. In the Brazilian Amazon malaria is endemic, where more than 99% of the notifications of the disease. The municipality of Anajás, located in Pará State, was found an Annual Parasite Incidence (API = 57.7). The study was a cross-sectional controlled, having as main objective to evaluate the impact of malaria on lipid parameters of a population living in a highly endemic area. To this end, we considered three groups of patients: Group I: patients with malaria (n = 64), Group II: patients without malaria (n = 46), both groups consist of people living in the city of Anajás - Pará, and another Group III: patients with no history of malaria (n = 46) and residing in Belém – Pará. Was analyzed the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride fractions and of all individuals included in the study. The analyzes showed that females were more affected and the species P. falciparum was more frequent. Mean total HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides were statistically significant only for patients with malaria (Group I) and mean LDL cholesterol was statistically significant in all groups evaluated. To investigate the past malarial population three subgroups were created from the group of patients without malaria Anajás, Groups Iia, IIb and IIc. For this evaluation used the average total cholesterol and triglyceride fractions and was observed that the greater the number of episodes of malaria, higher HDL cholesterol levels and lower LDL cholesterol levels in patients in this subgroup.
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