Anemia is a very common condition worldwide and has important clinical repercussions,
especially associated with other clinical aggravating factors such as surgical procedures. It is
especially diagnosed based on the hemoglobin analysis verified in the blood count, which may
negatively influence the surgical patient, as well as represent a risk to its integrity during the
perioperative period. The objective was to verify the prevalence of anemia in the preoperative
period and to establish a relationship between anemia and the type of surgical procedure. After
being approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee, 253 medical records of patients
treated at a public hospital in the Northern Region of Brazil were analyzed. Descriptive
statistical analysis was applied to variables such as preoperative hemoglobin, gender, age,
origin, anesthetic risk, type of surgery and others. Of the 253 medical records analyzed, 132
(52.17%) reported anemia, with a higher frequency in women. Of the 132 (100%) medical
records with anemia, 75 (29.64%) classified it as mild anemia, 51 (20.15%) with moderate
anemia and 6 (2.37%) with severe anemia not yet preoperative. The pre, trans and postoperative data registration and notification system are incomplete. Regarding surgical
procedures, such as emergency surgery, general surgery, orthopedic and obstetric, were the
most common. The most used anesthetic technique was spinal anesthesia, where the variation
in anesthetic risk had no influence.
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