The gestational period is the moment when women go through metabolic, physiological and
endocrine changes, which change the nutritional needs and also the maternal eating habits.
The monitoring of nutritional status during pregnancy is of fundamental importance for the
prevention of numerous perinatal morbidities, and for the proper fetal development, in
addition to promoting women's health. In this dissertation, two studies were conducted: the
first was an integrative literature review, aiming to describe the importance of iodine in the
gestational period and the effects related to its deficiency in the mother-child binomial. An
integrative literature review was performed, searching the main health databases Medline
(National Library of Medicine, United States), via PubMed, Lilacs (Latin American and
Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library) Online), of
works published between 2007 and 2019, in the languages: Portuguese, English and Spanish.
The second study investigated the consumption of nutrients among adult primary care
pregnant women in Palmas, associating the inadequacies found with the nutritional status.
This was a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional and probabilistic sampling study
conducted in Palmas-TO with a sample of 50 pregnant women. It was found that 45.5% of
pregnant women classified with low current weight had energy consumption equal to or
higher than the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDA) and 100.0% of overweight women
ingested energy below the recommended. This can be explained by the recommendation by
health professionals for possible weight control by these pregnant women who entered the
pregnancy with overweight. A positive association between gestational weight gain and per
capita income classifications was observed, where pregnant women with adequate weight
gain had significantly higher per capita income than those with excessive weight gain. We can
verify that a stable socioeconomic condition during pregnancy can provide more adequate
foods for this period and consequently a weight gain proportional to each gestational
trimester.
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