Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan
belonging to the genus Leishmania. It is an anthropozoonosis of enormous
importance due to the increase in the human mortality rate in the regions considered
endemic, the large number of infected dogs and the intense parasitism of these
animals. The release of miltefosine (Milteforan®) by the Ministério da Agricultura
Pecuária e Abastecimenco (MAPA) for treatment of the animals took place in
October 2016; this drug has been used in the USA and Europe for several years and
with good results. A total of 20 dogs were evaluated, 10 of which belonged to group 1
(G1), treated with miltefosine, and group 2 (G2), with 10 animals without treatment.
The data were collected in two moments called (M1) and (M2), being at pre and post
treatment respectively. The objective was to evaluate the hematological and
biochemical effects of serum in response to treatment, observing possible effects on
these parameters. The main hematological changes were: low hemoglobin, red blood
cells and hematocrit that characterized anemia. In the hematology, there was a
significant statistical difference between the pre and post treatment in the hematocrit
and platelet values, with an increase on these values. In the biochemical exams,
there were significant alterations to the parameters: alaninoaspartatetransferase and
globulins, causing a decrease in mean values, albumin and albumin / globulin ratio
increased their values. Dogs receiving treatment with miltefosine showed clinical
improvement and hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects were not observed.
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