The construction of large hydroelectric projects in Brazil from the last quarter of the twentieth century is directly related to the process of industrialization, from the aforementioned century, will be impacted by the oil crisis of the 70s of last century, when the government decides to invest in alternative sources of energy and, among them, the implementation of large hydropower plants in virtually all regions of Brazil. With the implementation of these large hydroelectric power plants in the south and northeast, at first, and studies for the hydroelectric plants of other watersheds located mainly in the north of Brazil, appears also on a regional scale, the Movement of People Affected by Dams (MAB) consisting of numerous coastal communities that were dispossessed of their means of livelihood due to the construction of large hydroelectric projects. Describe and analyze the socioeconomic impacts the sociopolitical process of financial compensation of coastal communities affected by HPP Strait, one of the major projects sponsored by the Brazilian government is the main objective of this research. The hydroelectric plant Narrow focus of this case study is located in the city of Strait in the south of Maranhão. From the questionnaires for a socioeconomic characterization of the affected communities, we seek to understand the extent to which their representations social, political, economic and cultural might have influenced the compensation process. Through the interpretation of the data, it was noticed that the relative position of individuals in the communities analyzed, supported in capital economic, political, social and cultural, not influenced in compensation, whereas the Strait Energy Consortium (CESTE), opted for compensation-patrimonial territory.
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