The bean type caupi (Vigna unguiculata) is an important and popular legume in the Brazilian agricultural. Therefore, it is relevant to study strategies to increase the productivity of this cultivar through tools that can assess the phenotype and prospect for impovements in the genotype. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze the direct and indirect effects of the morphological and productive variables of cowpea in two cultivars BRS Nova Era and BRS Guariba, through linear correlation and trail analysis. The Experiment was carried out on the Gurupi campus of the Federal University of Tocantins, in a dystrophic red-yellow latosol and sowing was done manually for both areas. The characters evaluated were plant height (ALT), number of lateral branches (NRL), number of pods per plant (NVP), length of pods (CPV), number of seeds per pod (NSV), grain weight (MG), average number of seeds per plant (NMSP), weight of one hundred grains (MCG) and productivity (PROD). Regarding the phenotypic correlation, there was a good relationship in the direction and magnitude of the variables studied, indicating that the genotype and phenotype are correlated with each other, in the two cultivars (BRS Nova Era and Guariba), highlighting the NSV variable (number of seeds per pod) in relation to productivity. In the Trail analysis, the direct and indirect effects of the primary components of production on the main productivity variable were estimated. The NSV variable had the greatest direct effect on productivity in both cultivars, demonstrating that the selection based on NSV can provide satisfactory gains.
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