Fishing has long been the livelihood of diverse populations, having records that attest
its importance even in the Paleolithic. In modern history, motivated by the industrial
revolution, this activity has taken on greater proportions. In Brazil, fishing has always
been present, but it was only from the 1930s onwards, with the emergence of the first
fishing codes, that it came to be seen as a national good, starting the process of
regulating fishermen. With the creation of the Superintendência de Desenvolvimento
da Pesca in the 1960s, fiscal incentive policies were implemented, promoting the
increase of industrial centers that had direct repercussions on the national extractive
fishing market. The overexploitation of fish stocks was one of the consequences of
the production model that was being used in this sector, which later had to adhere to
environmental policies to reverse this situation. An alternative to the issue of
overfishing and promoting the recovery of fish stocks has been aquaculture
production. This activity has been acquiring a growing participation in the economic
composition of different Brazilian regions. In order to understand the development of
fishing and its nuances, this work seeks to analyze the socioeconomic history of
fishing in Brazil over the last 100 years, listing its main events, in addition to
evaluating the scenario of aquaculture in the State of Tocantins, drawing a
comparison with the surrounding states (Bahia, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará
and Piauí).
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