The present work emerges from the urgency of guiding racial relations in the process of school
failure, since Brazil is a country that has consolidated itself from the crossing of racism. This
research aimed to analyze the critical content of school failure and understand how racial
relations are intersected in this debate. To investigate this issue, at first, a literature review was
carried out, with articles related to the theme through the Scientific Electronic Library Online
(SciELO) and the Virtual Health Library - Psicologia Brasil (BVS-Psi). The organization took
place in two stages. In the first stage, a bibliographic survey on racism was carried out. The
second stage, analysis of the articles in the index databases, looking for similarities and
disagreements in the relationship between racism and school failure. To carry out this
collection, Boolean indexers “school failure AND racism” were used; “racial inequality OR
public school”. After using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the survey resulted in a total of
twenty-eight articles that were read, registered and organized into three categories. The first
category brings together texts in which there was no relationship between racism and school
failure. The second category groups articles that mention racism, however, without establishing
connections with school failure. The third category compiles the texts that bring articulations
between racism and school failure. In the texts of the first and second categories, blaming for
school failure falls into three dimensions: individual, family and social class. Finally, in the
third category, racism is presented as a phenomenon associated with school failure. The
Brazilian educational system was built under the influence of racist theories, in this sense, the
importance of analyzing school failure through racism is understood. Thus, the results presented
deal with the propagation of racial inequality in the Brazilian educational process, culminating
in an environment conducive to the production of school failure in the contexts of life and
development of black students.
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