Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) is the principal source of oil for the
production of biodiesel and protein for animal feed. However, the chemical
composition of seeds and grain yield may be affected by the availability of
nutrients to the plant, particularly potassium. Given this, the objective was to study
the genetic diversity and potassium use efficiency in soybean cultivars for the
levels of oil and protein, aimed at producing biofuel. Thus, in the agricultural year
2013/14, were performed four soybean cultivars competition trials in Palmas - TO,
which were distributed in two growing seasons, whose cultivars were conducted
under high and low potassium (40kg of K2O ha-1 and 200 kg de K2O.ha-1,
respectively – 88,18 lb of K2O ha-1 and 440,92 lb of K2O.ha-1, respectively). The
experimental design used in the trials was randomized blocks with seven
treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of cultivars M9144RR,
BRS33871RR (Sambaíba), TMG1288RR, BRS333RR, P98Y70RR, TMG 1180RR
and M8766RR. Was determined the efficiency of the use of potassium by crops,
through the methodology adapted from Fischer (1983) and the genetic divergence
by multivariate procedures: Mahalanobis distance and clustering method
optimization Tocher. In the study of genetic diversity, each test represented a
distinct variable in the multivariate model. The M8766RR and BRS333RR cultivars
are promising for biodiesel production and efficient use of potassium. Cultivar
P98Y70 is indicated for protein production and efficient in the use of available
potassium in the soil. Hybridizations M8766RR x TMG1180RR and M8766RR x
TMG1180RR are promising for oil content, and P98Y70 x TMG1180RR for protein
content.
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