This article has as its theme the navigation of the Tocantins River from some historiographic works that dealt with the role played by the aforementioned river, focusing on the North region of Goiás (currently Tocantins). The objective is to identify the aspects that involve the navigation of the Tocantins River, its difficulties and economic benefits for the government and populations of riverside cities. The nature of the research is bibliographical, and uses as a methodology the survey and bibliographic study to identify debates highlighted by the authors, or common problems recovered. In view of the collected and analyzed material, the main challenges of the economy were identified, namely: the scarce investment in provisions for reserve sources on the banks of the river, as well as qualified students in their navigation, and unfavorable problems for river trade. Finally, the reading of the Tocantins River presents an approach that highlights the economic viability, in response to the projects of the government of Goiás and with repercussions for the region of northern Goiás.
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