Visceral Leishmaniasis (LV) is a chronic and systemic disease, also known as kalazar, tropical splenomegaly or dundun fever, when it is untreated, can progress to death in more than 90% of cases. It is caused by a protozoan and transmitted by species of insect vectors known as phlebotomines. Considered primarily as zoonosis, it can affect man when it comes into contact with the transmission cycle of the parasite, transforming itself into an anthropozoonosis. From 2011 to 2015, 49,608 cases were reported, of which 18,323 were confirmed in the same period, with 1,258 deaths, with confirmed cases in 27 UF, evidencing the expansion of the vector in the country. The evaluation of the surveillance system (SV) aims to ensure that problems of public health importance are being monitored in an efficient and effective way, as well as to support recommendations to improve its quality, efficiency and utility. The objective of this study was to evaluate SV-LVH in Brazil, between the years of 2011 to 2015. Method: The methodology of the Guide for Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems proposed by the CDC was chosen. It comprised the description of the SV-LVH, as well as the evaluation of its performance, through qualitative, quantitative attributes and their usefulness. Results and Discussion: The results of the qualitative attributes show that the system is complex, has good data quality, and has good acceptability. Regarding quantitative attributes, it was shown to have a regular sensitivity in the collection of confirmed cases, it was opportune, with a positive predictive value that was regular, representative and stable. The system was considered useful, because it fulfilled the proposed objectives. Recommendations: Review the Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Manual, with emphasis on aspects of diagnosis and treatment; to carry out training courses for epidemiological surveillance technicians; to routinely disclose the results produced by the surveillance system; to carry out new studies to evaluate the sensitivity of the system; conduct a qualitative study to complement the understanding and explore other aspects not covered in this evaluation; the SV-LVH in Brazil.
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