This study was divided into two chapters, the first deals with a literature review and the second
with the profile of sheep breeders, aiming to describe the socioeconomic profile of sheep
farmers and the environmental profile of sheep breeding in the municipalities of Santarém and
Mojuí dos Campos. The study was carried out in sheep farming communities in rural areas and
covered the population of sheep producers with family properties in the municipalities of
Santarém and Mojuí dos Campos, which are registered at Emater (Company of Technical
Assistance and Rural Extension) or at SIRSAN (Rural Union of Santarém), or in the STTR
(union of rural workers of Santarém). This research was carried out on a descriptive and
exploratory basis, being carried out through an on-site interview in March 2023. The
questionnaire was semi-structured with open and closed questions., in which it collected data
from 21 sheep producers. After obtaining the collected data, these were tabulated, and the
analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, exposing absolute and relative values. The
socioeconomic profile of the participants showed that 19 (90.47%) were men, with
heterogeneous ages, complete higher education (52.38%), do not participate in social programs
(100%) and raise sheep for family influence (61, 90%). When questioned about the use of beef
sheep farming as a source of income, 61.90% reported yes, and the others reported the creation
as an alternative option, but not as a source of income. When asked about how to use the
production, 52.38% stated that they have the family habit of consuming sheep meat and viscera
and the others sell the meat of these animals. The most used production system in the properties
was the semi-intensive (81%). In relation to the type of practice implemented within the
properties, only 28.57% use the integrated crop, livestock, forest system. Regarding the main
diseases in sheep farming, it was possible to observe that 39.21% of them are associated with
worm problems, followed by hoof problems (31.38%). The highest cost of diseases was caused
by worms, with an annual average of R$207,25. For the environmental parameters, it was noted
that the declivity in the land where the sheep are raised is mostly flat (71%), and in none of
these were evidenced the presence of eroded soil (100%). Regarding the use of conservation or
APP use, 47.61% reported that they adopt areas without native vegetation cover and included
in the production system, followed by the use of native forest area with partial use in the
production system (23.80%). As for the manure produced on the properties, it was possible to
observe that most breeders (71.42%) let the manure tan and then deposit it in the pasture. It is
concluded that sheep breeders are made up of men, aged between 45 and 54 years, with higher
education, who do not participate in social programs and raise sheep for family influence. Few
sheep farmers carry out sustainable and sanitary practices, which causes greater financial
expenses and can cause damage to the environment.
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