The inflammatory response may exacerbate the damaging process after acute neural disorders such as in stroke. Alternatives to obtain a decrease in the inflammatory response in the encephalic cell accident have been widely studied with the use of herbal compounds, in this hypothesis the pucá cucó (Cissus verticillata), an Amazonian medicinal plant popularly used as anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic used by folk medicine in the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases. However, there are no investigations into the possible anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of plant extract in experimental models of acute neural disorders. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of plant extract by supercritical extraction in adult rats submitted to acute injury induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the motor cortex. Two experimental groups were delineated: the first with animals of the control group with a survival time of twenty-four hours and seven days (Group N = 3 for each survival time), submitted to focal ischemia with ET-1, but injected 5% tween intraperitoneal (ip), and the second group of animals treated with doses of 100 mg / kg (ip) of plant extract after surgery with the same survival times (Group N = 5 for each survival time). Then perfused twenty four hours and seven days after induction of ischemic injury. General histopathological analysis was performed in sections stained by cresyl violet and hematoxylin. Neutrophils and macrophages were identified by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies (anti-MBS1 and IBA-1, respectively), astrocytes labeled with anti-GFAP antibody. Activated microglia/ macrophages and neuronal bodies were counted in the mentioned experimental groups and the astrocyte activity after the lesion was evaluated. Treatment with Cissus verticillata extract induced anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in treated animals, as well as decreased tissue cavitation, astrocyte activation at the center of the lesion and decreased infiltration of polymorphonuclear and/or microglia/ macrophage inflammatory cells.
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