This study aimed to investigate the existence of complex societies in Amapa in dry land in the valley of Amapari, specially from the theoretical and methodological point of view of the economy-ecology, ethno-history and archaeology. The methodology of the study consisted of works on human ecology, cultural, archaeological theory and ethno-history of the Amazon, Amazonian archeology, history of the Amazon, and in addition, a database was organized, which was base in literature review and in field work. The fieldwork included the excavation of 11 archaeological sites, but only the material collected in four sites (AP-AR-04: Dam Taboca, AP.AR-09: Testimony of Urucum, AP-AR-11: Tabocal of Annatto and AP-AR-
13: Stone) were analyzed through a laboratory study. Thus, the laboratory methodology used was based on the classification in prehistory proposed by Dunnell (2006), which consists of handling, analysis and interpretation of data collected in a logical sequence. In this sense, the classification consisted of three steps: cleaning, cataloging and analysis. The result of field research and laboratory indicated that the remains of material culture left by the pre-colonial groups that lived in the valley of Amapari are related to a development of complex societies, with adaptation to the ecosystem of Amazonian‟s high lands. Therefore, research has revealed that the development of complex societies in the researched region was not predominant in the floodplain and that the pre-colonial groups that settled in the land area of Amapa in the valley of Amapari created favorable conditions for development of a cultural complexity.
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