In recente years, a significant number of countries have implemented policies to reform their port industry. In the belief that efficiency will improve, privatization has been widespread, believing that the transfer of management from public hands to private ones, will lead to improvements in the levels of economic and operational efficiency, bringing a competitive advantage in the world market. This paper sought to investigate the validity of this assertion based on theoretical foundations as well as with the adoption of port performance indicators developed by ANTAQ, adapting methodologies that can measure the efficiency of public and private port terminals in the period of 2013 to 2018, comprising 06 years. For this purpose, 8 port units were defined, composed of 04 public and 04 private ports. The results obtained allowed to compare the sectors and to analyze the efficiency between them. During the study, it was noticed that the public sector presents more worrisome indicators for port management, mainly, related to productivity and the level of service obtained, and should be analyzed more comprehensively in the context of infrastructure and equipment to provide investments in this scope, considering that these parameters also have influence on these results.
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