The present study aimed to characterize the infant population of the Combu Island, from Zero
(0) to 12 years of age, regarding the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia, identifying the
prevalence and possible interference of children 's eating habits in this clinical condition. The
study was developed in three stages and was characterized as a qualitative and quantitative
descriptive epidemiological study carried out in the Family Health Strategy (ESF) in Combu
Island with the communities of the Combu and Piriquitaquara igarapé communities from
October 2018 to February 2019 and included 153 children. he investigative criteria were
evaluated by three anthropometric measures: weight, age and height, using anthropometric
reference of the WHO / MS and diagnosis of anemia that was performed in two stages: 1)
collection of digital pulp hemoglobin, 2) by determination of hemoglobin concentration and
serum iron and serum ferritin concentration. Anemic children were those that presented
hemoglobin concentration according to the consensus of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics
and the Ministry of Health, RN * up to 15 days (17.0 μg / L), 16 days to 11 months (9.5 to
14.1 μg / L); 1 to 2 years (8.9 to 13.5μg / L); 3 to 9 years (10 to 14.8μg / L); 10 to 12 years
(11.1 to 15.7 μg / L). Information on anemia in the mother's pregnancy, supplementation of
oral iron, use of home remedy for anemia, use of iron-containing medications and feeding
practices were also studied. The sample comprised the age group from 19 days to 12 years of
age, and 4% of the infants were less than 12 months old. The prevalence of iron deficiency
anemia in this study was 10%, and the severity of anemia was between light (Hb = 9.5g / dl)
and moderate (Hb = 7.2g / dl), and no cases of anemia (Hb <7 g / dl) or very severe (Hb <4 g /
dl). It is noteworthy that 44% of the children evaluated received supplementation with iron
salts at the time of the research. Regarding the food consumed at breakfast, it was observed
that all age groups, with the predominance of the group of 5 to 6 years, consume coffee /
bread / milk, that is, with low bioavailability in iron, for lunch and dinner, it was found that
the food most consumed by 98% of the children is the açaí drink as the main food at lunch
and dinner and also by some children in the form of porridge for breakfast and dinner. There
is great controversy in the literature regarding the bioavailability of iron with a difference of
8.1 mg / 100g. Finally, children consume iron (heme iron) at lunch (93%) and at dinner
(74%), with iron (non-heme iron), lunch (95%) and dinner (92%) both for the formation of the
individual, since iron is part of oxygen transport, energy production, metabolism of external
substances, immune synthesis, blood formation. Vegetable iron needs to be monitored for
vitamin C (ascorbic acid) to be transported into the cell, but both are fundamental for organic
balance. It was concluded that the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in the riverine
children in the study was relatively lower in the research perspective, probably due to the fact
that the children had access to the Ministry of Health protocol with iron supplementation and
organic adaptation to food habits.
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