All the functions of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are not yet fully understood, however this system is known to have a neuromodulatory effect, essentially attributed to cannabinoid type I receptors (CB1R), which systemic activation induces psychoactive effects. In contrast, the immunomodulatory effect of ECS, attributed mainly to cannabinoid type II receptors (CB2R), has been demonstrated as an alternative treatment for several acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases in animal models via chronic CB2R activation. However, the effects of this treatment are still unclear shortly after its administration. In this sense, we seek to investigate the effects of the acute-systemic treatment of β-caryophyllene (BCP), a phyto-cannabinoid agonist of CB2R in a murine model of neuroinflammation induced by LPS. We performed the open field test (OF) 2 and 4 h after the induction of sickness behavior by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and demonstrated that in animals pretreated with BCP, in the 2 h window, there was maintenance in the quality of movement in animals that received LPS without alteration in the induction of sickness behavior, and increased activity in the aversive region of the apparatus in animals that did not receive LPS. Indicating the immune and neuromodulatory effect of BCP. We also performed the Morris Water Labyrinth (MWM) test 24 h after inoculation of LPS, however it was not possible to discriminate changes in learning, however the inoculated and untreated animals proved to be more likely to form spatial memory. Finally, we observed that pretreatment with BCP increases lipid peroxidation and nitrite concentration in the brain 2 h after LPS inoculation, thus suggesting an immediate increase in oxidative stress by acute treatment with BCP in neuroinflammatory models. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance to continue researching the immediate neurological and immunological effects of BCP treatment in healthy animal models and in neuroinflammatory models for better determination of the risks attributed to this treatment, as well as the addition of acute treatment to the detriment of the treatment. chronic in different neurological pathologies.
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