As a central research problem, this Doctoral Thesis aimed to investigate from the point of
view of Personalism in Mounier and Buber whether the public school could be historically
conceived as a "Buberian I-It" and what are the ontological effects of this phenomenon on the
formation of( as) students. Added to these is the objective of thinking about a conception of
school education that could break with the instrumental character that permeates formal
education to the point of effectively conceiving the other as a self in school education. Thus,
to arrive at the results, I proposed, through a linear analytical path, a certain history of
Brazilian school education, considering, on the one hand, the period that extends from the
16th century to contemporary times, and, on the other, the central theoretical references of the
research and a specialized literature on the theme of proposed historicity. Therefore, it was
possible to critically present the characteristics of the instrumental rationality that surrounds
the educational phenomenon, classified by this research as dehumanizing. Then, in a more
specific study of school education in Pará, focused on the first two decades of the 2000s, I
identified that the educational model (conception) that was preponderant over other possible
models in the public schools investigated was propaedeutics. This diagnosis made it possible
for me to verify that this teaching model transformed high school into a kind of ―preparatory
course‖ for the ENEM exams and/or for other selective entry processes for higher education,
generating, as an ontological effect, the dehumanization of students. (the) students. It is in this
context that I close the Thesis by proposing a pedagogical edge to break with the propaedeutic
model: the ―class as an encounter‖. Therefore, the investigation sites were public schools
selected between 2016 and 2020, and the methodology developed followed the explanatory
and comprehensive matrices, with a deductive approach based on theoretical and field
research. As a result, the investigated thesis was confirmed.
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