HPV (human papillomavirus) was appointed by the WHO (World Health Organization - WHO) as the main risk factor for developing cervical cancer, thus becoming an important and very serious public health problem, especially in underdeveloped countries or under development. The early sexual activity, multiple partners and casual sex, smoking, immunosuppression (eg, the population of AIDS patients), pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases like herpes and chlamydia prior, in addition to non-compliance with the measures already taken to prevent Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), such as the simple use of condoms is admittedly associated with the incidence of HPV infection. This research aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the methodologies of conventional cytology (Pap test) compared to liquid based cytology, and to determine the prevalence of genotypes 16 and 18 of HPV in women without HPV cytopathic effect compatible with and relate to presence of inflammatory conditions, or not associated with HPV, with epidemiological data such as age, education, socio-cultural condition of women from the municipality of Barcarena - Pará - Brazil. To do so, in this study voluntarily, 50 women attended at the Health Unit Barcarena - Brazil, through the campaign to collect Pap test as a method of preventing cancer of the cervix. These women were informed about all procedures performed by the body of this health study and the results of this search and only after the volunteers have signed the Deed of Consent, they were included for sampling. The analysis and test results of liquid based cytology and conventional were performed according to the Bethesda Classification and reviewed blindly by two pathologists. For the analysis statistic was used Fisher's exact test and the "Screening Test" to determine the specificity / sensitivity of the methods, considering the significant value of p ≤ 0.05. Our results indicate that the use of liquid based cytology has demonstrated a number of advantages over conventional cytology. In molecular diagnostics (PCR) were observed occurrences of HPV types 16 and 18 in 10% of women attended. Among the cases that were PCR positive for types 16 and 16/18 most of the women were 27.4 years old on average, with more schooling, performing household chores and rural areas, and with instances of co-infection by infectious agents cause other sexually transmitted diseases. The results of this study reinforce the importance of maintaining free campaigns to prevent cervical cancer as a preventive measure in combating this disease, especially in Pará State, where, probably, the epidemiological profile of disease is associated with the large distances that women in river communities have to travel to perform this test free of charge, the type of economic activity in the region, the local bias still exists with the test, and the degree of difficulty of implementing effective return of patients to medical appointments after obtaining the test result and the same routing for molecular diagnosis of positive cases for type lesions ASC-H and CIN I, II and III.
|
