Nephochaetopteryx Townsend, 1934 is a genus of flies of the family Sarcophagidae, tribe Sarothromyiini, predominately Neotropical, with only one Nearctic species. This genus comprises small species (4–7.3 mm), mainly characterized by vein R1 fully setose dorsally, males with proclinate orbital bristles, and male mid femur with ctenidium. In addition, some species has wing fumose between apical part of vein R2+3 and C. The taxonomic review of the genus resulted in 34 valid species, being seven new species to science. Nephochaetopteryx calida does not belong to the genus, N. shannoni is junior synonymy of N. flavipalpis, and N. linharensis a junior synonymy of N. pallidifacies. A key to males of all described species (except for N. juquiana) is showed, as well as detailed illustrations of terminalia and sternite 5 of males. In addition, it is proposed a hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships to the genus, based on 24 external morphological characters of adult males, mainly from terminalia. Were utilized 32 terminal taxa, being 29 of Nephochaetopteryx. The monophyly of genus is corroborated, and a new synapomorphy is proposed within the Sarothromyiini context: sternite 5 of male with median lobule. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, the genus is divided in four species group: angustifrons, biculcita, cyaneiventris and pallidiventris. The angustifrons group is the sister group of the clade that comprises the remaining species.
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