Reproductive disorders are associated with problems acquired (stress, inadequate management and infectious origin), and genetic (high consanguinity exists in some herds in Brazil). While showing the degree of the male potential fertility, the breeding soundness examination and, in particular, the functionality test has been little used, particularly in bull selection, though; these same studies mention the semen importance to evaluate the male reproductive efficiency. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of diseases clinically notable, by palpation and inspection, and to characterize the profile of buffalo sperm created in systems production, intensive and extensive. The study was conducted on properties in the Pará State, in the Municipalities of Belém, Ipixuna, Mojú, Nova Timboteua, Paragominas, Santarém Novo and São Caetano de Odivelas, Muaná, Soure, Chaves and Ponta de Pedras. In Amapá State in the Municipalities of Cutias, Itaubal, Tartarugalzinho and Bailique Archipelago's. The animals were reared in an intensive and extensive, respectively. The period of study was from March 2008 to March 2009. 305 bulls were used Murrah, Mediterranean and mixed with ages ranging from 2 to 15 years, and 160 in the Pará State, and 145 in the Amapá State. Data from andrological clinical examinations, as well as semen analysis were recorded on special forms. Obtaining semen was performed by ampoules massage and the semen physical analysis was by the color, appearance, volume, motility, vigor, concentration, morphologic and pH. The concentration was measured by spectrophotometer on the Center of Animal Biotechnology (CEBRAN). For sperm morphology was used the Cerovsky method. 200 sperm were examined under a light microscope in immersion objective. For statistical analysis, we used the statistical program BioEstat 5.0, descriptive statistics for all variables studied: testicular biometry, disease of the reproductive system and the physical characteristics and morphology of semen, recording the means, standard deviations and frequency distribution for characteristics of andrology classes. Quantitative data concerning the age of bulls, testicular biometry, physical assessments and morphological characteristics of semen were submitted to ANOVA and when significant effects by F test, means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. Of the 305 buffalo, the beasts of the Amapá State and the average standard deviation of the scrotal circumference was higher than the Pará State independent of the type of management. Regardless of age and breeding systems found no change in the penis. The bifid scrotum (cleft scrotum), was the most prevalent. The highest frequency of change in epididymis. Tuberculous granulomatous epididymitis was observed in the extensive livestock in the Amapá State, with a tendency for bulls over four years. Among the changes in the testis was the most prevalent testicular torsion and infectious causes highlight the occurrence of chronic active interstitial orchitis, tuberculous granulomatous orchitis, testicular hypoplasia grade I, testicular hypoplasia grade III associated with tuberculous orchitis hypoplasia and grade II (partial). Another observation is quite clear regarding the percentage of spermatozoa with major and minor defects which have very high standards recommended by the CBRA. In this study we can conclude that breeders bred extensively present genetic diseases and infectious diseases are very prevalent.
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