In this study, the relation of contradiction integration between two towns of Cabinda,
province of Angola, is put into question, with activities of exploration of natural resources
such as crude oil and wood. Futila village, nearby Malongo oil field, where oil activities are
concentrated under Chevron-Texaco leadership. And the town of Buco-Zau immersed in a
region next to the Forest reserve of Mayombe. Modernity, development and the risk are
prioritized as the main concept in this study. And as a broader context, the reconstruction of
Angola after the peace agreement, post civil war in 2002, when conception of development
and that of modernization are perceived, the stimulus of an economy guided by interests of
exportation of primary goods such as crude oil and wood, even though the strong appeal of so
called sustainable development. Placing a constitution of Angola while the country is
integrated in the process of modernity, since the Portuguese colony through thirty years of
overcoming the civil war, started after the conquest of independence in 1975, reflection was
sought about meaning, for the population who suffered directly from exporting enterprises,
adoption of the development model synonymous of the economic growth in governmental
actions to the reconstruction of the country. Affected so much by exclusion, evidence was
sought of which way is better to promote life, if it is to resist by opulence, effectively to force
those population to overcome the constraints imposed upon them, of cultural order, social and
political, such as environmental, in relation to activities of exploration of natural resources.
On other hand, it also aimed to perceive the meaning of environmental requirements in
strategies of legitimating undertaken in activities of exploration of natural resources, in order
to mitigate adverse effects in the social and environmental that involve them. In conclusion,
features were clearly the face of disintegrating local ways of life, based in fishing, small
agriculture and collection, under the risk imposed by exportation activities, therefore without,
considering the integration of the point of view of development such as substantive freedom,
this is, in a sense of propitiate to those populations a worthy conditions of life, to perform
strategies including politics of collective knowledge and the valorization of other rationalities
more suited to a social reappropriation of nature.
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