Garret Hardin's theory titled "The Tragedy of the Commons " presents privatization and government control as a solution to avoid the depletion of natural resources. However, other authors have shown that resource users may have efficient ways of management, combining the use by man to nature conservation. This thesis examines the use of public resources for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Rural Settlement Units, located in Madeira - Purus interfluve , the southern state of Amazonas region. The question that guided the research hypothesis was : Given the specificities Amazon and rules imposed by environmental and agricultural policies in the region, which conditions are presented as necessary and sufficient for good performance in the use of common resources ? The analysis was performed through the combination of three methods : the comparative method Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) , the method of institutional analysis Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework and fuzzy logic. Operationally, were considered as independent variables (X) the socio-economic, productive , environmental and institutional aspects, starting from the assumption that government programs for Units must show improvement in these indicators, in turn reflecting the good performance in the use of resources common (dependent variable Y) from this institutional design. The results confirmed the hypotheses, asserting that the good performance in the use of common resources, recommended by the criteria of sustainability can only be achieved by the combination of a satisfactory performance also in socio-economic, productive, institutional and environmental variables, presenting if these variables as individually necessary and jointly sufficient for the occurrence of this phenomenon.
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