For quality control of the commercial sample of Echinodorus macrophyllus were analyzed with botanical, pharmacognostic and physical-chemical properties. To achieve the anatomical cuts was rehydrated, sectioned with steel blade and fixed on slides semi-permanent. The sections were cleared in 20% NaClO and stained with astra blue-to-follow basic fuchsin. In cross section the epidermis is uniseriate with cells of rectangular shapes, heterodimensional, smooth and thin cuticle. For realization of thermogravimetry was used both drugs as solids at a heating rate of 5, 10 and 15 degrees Celsius. The chromatography was performed in HPLC and sample was obtained from column chromatography and eluted by gradient with methanol and acidic water. The palisade tissue consists of two layers of cells. The parenchyma spongy cells have thin walls, heterodimensional, different formats and well-developed intercellular spaces. The vascular bundles are collateral. The leaf is amphistomatic with stomata paracytic. Petiole in cross section, has a triangular to hexagonal. The epidermis is uniseriate with cells of polygonal shape, smooth walls, large amounts of aerenchyma which sometimes occur diaphragms. Samples of the leaf have characteristics of the species E. macrophyllus, but the anatomy of the petiole showed different structures from those described for the species, which belong to the genus Echinodorus, however suggests possible contamination of the material supplied with other plant species. Thermogravimetric analysis contributed significantly to establish parameters and characterize the sample.
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