In Brazil, P. vivax accounts for the majority of malaria cases, totaling almost 90% of the records in the Amazonian states. Several studies aimed to understand the relationship of oxidative stress in patients infected with Plasmodium spp clinical and parasitological responses because the plays role deleterious or protective of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen generated by different mechanisms during infection is controversial in the pathogenesis of human malaria . However, no studies involving oxidative damage and antioxidant defenses of the host uncomplicated vivax malaria in the Amazon. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress markers during the acute phase of malaria by P. vivax, characterizing pathways involving redox response of the human host and the influence of chemotherapy in order to test the hypothesis that biomarkers of oxidative stress are not changed during the acute phase of vivax malaria and uncomplicated introduction of chemotherapy does not contribute for oxidative stress in these subjects. It was conducted quantitative study longitudinal case consisting of 38 subjects with malaria by P. vivax adults of both gender, which were analyzed before, during and after the introduction of therapy (D0, D7 and D2), compared to control group of 15 healthy volunteers, matched for gender and age. Were determined by spectrophotometric techniques levels of methemoglobin, lipid peroxidation, total non-enzimatic antioxidant capacity, the activity of superoxide dismutase, erythrocyte levels of reduced glutathione and total glutathione in bloodstone. Compared to the control group, significantly, the levels of reduced glutathione (p = 0.004) was lower and lipid peroxidation (p <0.001) was higher, respectively. However, no significant changes were observed in the levels of methemoglobin, in total non-enzimatic antioxidant capacity and activity of superoxide dismutase compared to the control group. However, with the course of treatment were noted significant increase in the levels of methemoglobin (p <0.001) and superoxide dismutase activity (p = 0.038), but erythrocyte levels of reduced glutathione was reduced (p = 0.007). Furthermore, no significant changes in the levels of total non-enzimatic antioxidant capacity and glutathione in bloodstone with the introduction of antimalarials. The level of oxidative stress was not obtained, since there was no significant correlation between lipid peroxidation with the total non-enzimatic antioxidant capacity during all treatment. It was concluded that increased lipid peroxidation resulting from oxidative damage is opposed by the use of glutathione before the introduction of the therapy, suggesting the involvement of redox pathways in uncomplicated vivax malaria. The institution of chemotherapy, probably, interfered in intraerythrocyte redox cycle, which was characterized by a continuous increase in methemoglobin and the activity of superoxide dismutase, as well as by the reduction of the levels of reduced glutathione in erythrocytes.
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