Introducion: Dyslipidemia is one of the metabolic changes caused by using antiretroviral
therapy (ART) in HIV patients with lipodystrophy syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the genetic
polymorphisms of apolipoproteins A1 and A5 in HIV patients with lipodystrophy in use of
antiretroviral therapy and its association with dyslipidemia. Methods: It´s a cross-sectional and
analytical study. We used a research protocol which studied conditions sociodemographic,
clinical risk factors (physical activity, smoking, drinking, food frequency) for dyslipidemia, and
biochemical assessment of the apolipoproteins A1 and A5 polymorphisms. Results: Of the 105
HIV-positive patients studied, 63.8% were men, mean age of 44.5 (± 9.4) years, 70.5% reported
being single and having a family income of up to three minimum wages (77,1%). The risk factors
were: smoking (21%), alcohol use (43.8%), physical inactivity (69.5%), diabetes mellitus
(16.2%), overweight (22.9%) and cardiovascular risk (39.1%). The most prevalent form of
lipodystrophy syndrome was mixed (51.4%). Food frequency intake observed of fruits (60.8%)
and vegetables (36.3%), milk and dairy products (75%) were daily. While candy and sweets
(31.4%), sausages (11.7%) and fatty snacks (26.4%) were more than twice a week. And the habit
of eating meat with fat apparent was common (56.9%). The observed dyslipidemia classification
revealed most patients with isolated hypertriglyceridemia (30.5%) and mixed hyperlipidemia
(32.4%). It was observed that the isolated hypertriglyceridemia associated with the apolipoprotein
A5 gene (rs3135506, rs619054 and rs662799), and not being influenced by clinical forms of
lipoatrophy. There was no presence of the apolipoprotein A1 polymorphism (Lys107-0must2) in
the patients studied. Conclusion: The main factors for hypertriglyceridemia were being man and
had apolipoprotein A5 gene polymorphisms (rs3135506, rs619054 and rs662799).
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