The present work is divided into two parts: one general and another specific. We try, in the general part to give a vision concerning to the issue of the use and of the traffic of narcotics and kindred drugs, under their historical and social perspectives, since their origins, in the old times, till the present one. in considering the formation of the great criminal organizations, formed and starting from the growth of the ilicit trade in narcotics and initiated in the first years of this century, regarding mainly to the cocaine traffic and also to the one of the Colombian cartels of Cali and Medellín, created the latter, therefore, since the decade of 1970. It leads us to analyze, in a simplified form, the social issues provoked by the drug traffic, since the conflicts generated in the producer countries of South America, till their present condition in the State of Pará, as a drug runner. It also analyses the Brazilian legislation and the criminologic issues on the question. In the specific part, we investigate the matter, starting it from fieldwork, as a research on the performance of the component institutions of the Penal System at federal level in the State of Pará, whose task is to fight the traffic in narcotics. In order to reach this objective, we stimulated to research, this way, the criminal processes that exist in the judgmentship of the judiciary Section belonging to the Federal Justice in the State of Pará, besides having interviewed the Federal Judges, Republic Procurators and Federal Police Delegates who exercises their activities in the State of Pará, seeking, this way, to make a clear and objective study, concerning to his subject, fundamentally checking the answers once given by the above mentioned institutions (Penal System) in relation to the problem of the ilicit traffic in narcotics and kindred drugs, at an international level, in the State of Pará.
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