At the present study the hypothesis of population morphological and molecular
heterogeneity was tested in several groups of the common vampire bat
Desmodus rotundus from oriental Amazonia as well the relationship among the
environmental heterogeneity and the process and patterns of rabies outbreaks in
human and bovine population was described. For this 776 individuals of common
vampire bats from 72 different places of state of Pará were disposed by Instituto
Evandro Chagas (IEC - Ministério da Saúde/Belém), Laboratório Nacional
Agropecuário (Lanagro/Belém) and Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde do
Amazonas (FVG/Manaus). Data from 1999 to 2008 of rabies upon humans and
bovines in Pará were disposed by the Secretaria Executiva de Saúde Pública do
Pará (SESPA). For morphometric analysis, 39 phenotypic measures (16 bodies
and 23 cranials) all adult individuals (329 males and 315 females) were obtained.
For genetic analysis, 258 bats (47% males and 53% females) were characterized
by 10 microsatelite markers. To describe the areas of rabies risk we used the
ecological, biological and socioeconomic shapes of environment as well the soil
using, all these geographically georeferenced. One of our results of phenotypic
inferences suggest that vampires from Pará showed the tendency to group
formation with individuals of the north region of state (Amazonas basin, Marajóand
Northeastern regions), only as well they were less similar to bats from southern
and southwestern regions. In general, D. rotundus did not show high
phenotypically structure among the groups in Pará. The highest variability
occurrence in D. rotundus, was not observed among geographic groups.
According to molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA), 96% of them were found
within each studied group. Our data showed that several of the groups studied in
Pará are still under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, suggesting the existence of one
single panmitic population of the common vampire bat in this North state, but with
tendencies to the formation of three great groups (Amazon basin, Marajóand
Northeast). To this panmitic population, the reproduction and adaptation patterns
garanteed the high equity of allelic richness and good rates of genetic diversity in
D. rotundus from oriental Amazon, even under the fragmentation effects in many
areas of Pará state, mainly in the east side.
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