Many species of the genus Piper are widely distributed in the Amazon and various biological applications because of large structural diversity of its secondary metabolites. The species Piper divaricatum, is endemic in the Amazon and produces in its essential oil high concentrations of methyleugenol (50-90%), an phenylpropanoid with antioxidant and fungicidal properties. Because of its potential applications, the objective of this study was to establish the in vitro cultivation and comparing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and antioxidant properties with the in vivo cultivation. For establish the in vitro culture were used shoot apexes on Murashige e Skoog medium with addition of regulator BAP 0.5 mg.mL-1. For in vivo cultivation, micropiles were propagated in the greenhouse in vermiculite and adding nutritious Murashige e Skoog solution. The volatile compounds identified in the leaves of seedlings grown in vivo were methyleugenol, β-elemene and E-β-ocimene, which did not differ from in vivo cultivation, with the exception of 90 days. The in vitro culture of roots was not efficient to produce phenylpropanoids and presented a very different profile compared to the in vivo cultivation of terpenes. In general, for plants in vitro cultivated there was no statistically significant difference in the phenolics compounds content and antioxidant activity in the leaves. However, the antioxidant activity of roots was significant. The results support the hypothesis that in vitro regenerated plants can synthesize metabolites similar the matrix plant and maintain their biological properties.
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