This thesis analyzes the different types of non-timber forest products use on Indigenous Land Las Casas, as well as the importance of them to Mẽbêngôkre people of village Las Casas subsistence. Besides that, the thesis describes the use and the ways that the products and the community of Las Casas follow through market. The research was a combination of interdisciplinary methods and techniques of biological sciences, and human sciences, finally using techniques of ethnobotany, and geographic information systems. To understand the current context of the use of non-timber forest products and the integration into the market, it was conducted an analyzes of the history of occupation of Indigenous Land Las Casas, the dynamics of the use of land through the processing of Landsat satellite images, and the different types of soil were described by Mẽbêngôkre-Kayapó village of Las Casas occupation, also with the plants and resources used, that is the traditional economy of this people. I also analyzed the different forms of relationship of Mẽbêngôkre Kayapó with the surrounding society and how these influenced the market integration and different economic activities, highlighting in Las Casas to entering the market through Mẽkunhêre and Me à yry Las Casas projects. I found that the Indigenous Land Las Casas presents a dynamic use of the land guided by deforestation events and recovery of deforested areas. In this way, the Kayapó people recognize and classify different types of land use between that stand out savannas and forests, and disturbed areas resulting from the occupation by squatters in the area, for the establishment of cattle ranches. The classification of land use by Kayapó people from Las Casas was compatible to that obtained by the satellite Landsat-8, yet the Kayapó differentiate occupations that the image cannot be recognized, as are babaçuais, pequizais, barns, fields and humid areas. In these territories, the Kayapó people hunt, fish, and cultivate their traditional way fields. Among the plant species used for their livelihoods, identify and explore at least 95 useful species distributed in 36 families and 72 botanicals genera. For these species were raised 21 different uses grouped into eight categories of use. The species that were highlighted uses for subsistence and production of material culture belong to the family Arecaceae (Attalea speciosa Mart., Mauritia flexuosa L.f., Oenocarpus distichus Mart) e Caryocaraceae (Caryocar brasiliense A.St.-Hil.) and Caryocaraceae (Caryocar brasiliense A.St.-Hil.). These species are managed by them and are part of resource exchange network between villages, which ensures the circulation of different crop varieties, and raw materials used in the production of objects intended for ritual life and commercialization. Finally, for the commercialization in a sustainable manner the fruits of babassu and pequi, would be necessary to develop management plans for both species. In this way, the activity that provides more income opportunities is the commercialization of handicrafts. Even so, there are still aspects that should be improved. Especially in Ngonh-rôrô-kre association and community organization.
|
