The Piroxicam is a NSAID that pharmacologically belongs to oxicam class and is indicated to treat various ailments such as rheumatoid arthritis, primary dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, among others. Its anti-inflammatory properties are well known and is related to its non-selective ability to reversible inhibition of COX, but it is known little about their cytotoxic activity and its effect on DNA. There are few data on the possible genotoxic effects of Piroxicam in mammalian cells. These effects can be monitored for the prevention and control of some adverse reactions and major side effects. This study was designed to investigate the possible genotoxic and cytotoxic induced in vitro by Piroxicam drug in kidney line of African green monkey (VERO). The viability of cells exposed to piroxicam was evaluated by MTT assay, cytotoxicity of piroxicam was verified by quantifying apoptosis and necrosis using fluorescent dyes (Hoechst, propidium iodide and fluorescein diacetate) and genotoxicity of piroxicam was evaluated by the comet assay. The results of the cell viability assay showed that Piroxicam reduces significantly (p <0.05) cell viability in the concentrations of 1.0 mM, 2.0 mM, 4.0 mM and 8.0 mM. It is also noted that piroxicam induced significant killing (p <0.01) by apoptosis in all concentrations tested, both as to 24h treatment 48h. In the case of the comet assay, there was no damage to the DNA in any concentration tested. The data support the idea that piroxicam has a cytotoxic activity, but has no genotoxic potential in the tested conditions.
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