Candidemia is one of the most common nosocomial infections in intensive care units. In newborns, especially premature very low birth weight (1500 g <) and extremely low birth weight (1000g <) with candidemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for candidemia-related mortality, set the overall mortality and mortality attributed to candidemia in neonates hospitalized in a referral hospital maternal and child health in northern Brazil during the observation period January 2008 to December 2010. In order retrospective study was conducted nested case-control study for risk factors associated with death and case-control analysis of mortality attributed to, by reviewing the microbiology and corresponding clinical records of neonates with a confirmed diagnosis of candidemia by blood culture. The Blood Stream Infection by Candida spp occurred in 34 neonates, of which about 58.8% with weight equal to or less than 1,500 g and 41.2% over 1500 g. Gestational age was equal to or below 32 weeks in 38.2% of newborns and approximately 61.8% over 32 weeks. Candida albicans was identified in 9 patients (26.5%), Candida parapsilosis in 9 patients (26.5%), Candida glabrata in one patient (2.9%) and 15 patients (44.1%) there was no identifying the species of Candida. As a risk factor associated with lethality venous dissection was present in 8 patients (23.5%) p = 0.0331. Patients with fungemia had a chance of approximately 12 times more likely to evolve to death compared to controls without fungemia. Mortality attributed to fungemia was 26.4% and overall mortality for candidemia was 52.9%. The data showed that the venous dissection was a significant risk factor for mortality in neonates with candidemia. Other risk factors were not associated with mortality. The occurrence of fungemia significantly increases the chance of a premature newborn hospitalized in the intensive care unit death evolve independent of any other clinical variable.
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