Three years after the enactment of the new Brazilian Forest Code, the horizon, as to its real contribution is not yet well defined. Main instrument that embodies the public policy of conservation of private forests and grounded in the principles of sustainable development, the new Code includes a series of controversies to be clarified and overcome challenges. The meaning of this law exceeds the present time, showing historical connections with conflicting social forms of appropriation of natural resources and the constant struggle of groups with power to weaken environmental standards. Such a context motivated this work we aimed to examine the practical experience of internalization of the new Code through the case study of the municipality of Paragominas (PA), explaining how the relaxation of provisions and the creation of the new instruments of the Forest Code repercussions the local environmental management, which, in turn, policies are transformed into concrete actions. Despite the analysis of the implementation process of a public policy instrument does not cover the final results, it serves as a procedural evaluation, allowing monitor and understand how its impacts are built. To analyze the actions, interactions and contradictions of the new Code, the work has its foundations in biology approaches Conservation and Ecology Policy in line; the observation and reflection of actions, processes and tools, conducted by local environmental management intersection with the new Code; and the application of interviews with managers and municipal leaders. As for the results, are registered in the following pages, the intricacies of a new scenario, in which the implementation of the new Code proves challenging and largely solitary for municipalities; but still, can yield some progress in control and environmental planning, due to the new instruments. However, there appeared a "new" full of contradictions for the conservation of forest resources and impregnated unsustainable struggle for expansion of private ownership of natural resources, where there are subtle dynamics, but intense in the ability to promote environmental change.
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