Bronchopulmonary carcinoma is the most frequent in the world, being one of the most aggressive neoplasms, with a mortality / incidence ratio of around 90%, with overall survival in five years low, about 10 to 15%, in most populations of the world. In the Northern Region of Brazil, this pathology is the third most frequent among men and the fourth among women. From the anatomopathological point of view, lung cancer is classified into two main types: small cells and non-small cells, the latter being the most incident, accounting for 75% of cases. Currently, the distinction between subtypes is based on histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular differences. In this context, it is important to emphasize that molecular information influences not only diagnosis, prognosis, but also therapeutic behavior. Several genetic and epigenetic alterations of the nuclear genome are related to the pathogenesis of this tumor. However, changes in oxidative phosphorylation resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction have long been suggested as involved in the process of tumorigenesis. Thus, the present study analyzed two mitochondrial DNA (ND1 and ND3) genes belonging to the I complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in 66 lung tissue samples from patients with and without non-small cell lung cancer in the population of the state of Pará. the sequencing analysis identified four alterations in the ND1 gene: C3553T, T3552A, C3595ins and G3666A and only two changes in the ND3 gene: A10398G and C10400T. Among the alterations found in the ND1 gene, no statistical significance was observed in relation to the development of lung cancer. However, a structural alteration in the ND1 gene was found in the presence of C3595ins, not yet described in the literature. Whereas, the presence of the A allele, observed in T3552A in the ND1 gene, was significantly associated with a protective effect on the development of lung cancer. Already changes in the ND3 gene (G10398A and T10400C) were significantly associated with lung cancer, these changes in ND3 being potential for use as markers in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
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