Abstract: Gruiformes is a group with phylogenetic issues. Recent studies based on mitochondrial
and genomic DNA have proposed the existence of a core Gruiformes, consisting of five families:
Heliornithidae, Aramidae, Gruidae, Psophiidae and Rallidae. Karyotype studies on these species are
still scarce, either by conventional staining or molecular cytogenetics. Due to this, this study aimed
to analyze the karyotype of two species (Aramides cajaneus and Psophia viridis) belonging to families
Rallidae and Psopiidae, respectively, by comparative chromosome painting. The results show that
some chromosome rearrangements in this group have different origins, such as the association of
GGA5/GGA7 in A. cajaneus, as well as the fission of GGA4p and association GGA6/GGA7, which
place P. viridis close to Fulica atra and Gallinula chloropus. In addition, we conclude that the common
ancestor of the core Gruiformes maintained the original syntenic groups found in the putative avian
ancestral karyotype
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