The study area is the Médio Tapajós region, located in the State of Pará between 55° and 57° W Gr and 4° and 5°30' south latitude, belonging to the Tapajós Homogeneous Microregion. It is a forested area permeated by field regions, between the Tapajós valley and the Madeira valley. The diversity of indigenous groups that inhabited the region was the factor that sparked significant interest in the area, especially the Mundurukú indigenous group, which is quite numerous and has very particular characteristics, such as its warlike aspect, which led them to hostility with almost all neighboring groups, and gave them the reputation of "headhunters. For the development of this study, two types of files were prepared: author files, which allowed the preparation of a collection of data on studies carried out in the region, and content files, which subsidized the development of this work. It was found that currently the Mundurukú survive in very precarious situations, and some of the indigenous areas such as Jardim das Araras, Praia do Índio and Bom Jardim, located in the municipality of Itaituba, suffer constant real estate speculation, which undermines the maintenance of territoriality and identity of this group. In this context, we conclude that the process of acculturation suffered by this group and its population decrease is very similar to that of many indigenous groups in Brazil. This leads us to emphasize the importance of land for these groups and the commitment of the Brazilian State to them.
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