In recent years Serra de Carajás has been the object of intensive archeological research, as there is evidence that most of the caves and grottoes in the region were inhabited by human groups. The work to be presented was based on the observation that environmental and anthropic factors show the use of diversified natural resources, initiating a new understanding of the evolution of Amazonian cultures, as well as of human integration with the environment. Through the analysis of the material found in the caves, the mapping and plotting of the material and other forms of records we can arrive at this evidence. We considered the anthropic aspects regarding the ability of the caves, such as: light age, relative humidity, soil slope and, mainly, the archeological material, and also the amount and type of archeological material found in different spaces of the same cave, as well as the use of these same spaces. The material found was characterized by the presence of fragmented or whole ceramics and also chips, microliths, cores and artifacts in diversified quartz such as hyaline, citrine, flint, amethyst and rock crystal. What evidenced the material culture of these groups was not only represented by lithics (which was found in larger quantities), but also by ceramics. These findings result in an understanding of the use of space in the caves of Serra dos Carajás as the activities and customs that these groups had and how they contributed to the evolution of Amazonian cultures.
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