The study deals with the sustainability of land use in family agroecosystems located in
the municipalities of Cametá (communities Ajó and Inacha) and Moju (PA Calmaria II,
communities of São José and Água Preta), belonging to the territory of Low Tocantins,
state of PA, proposing to compare the main effects resulting from two modes of
interventions in the technical-productive systems. The two interventions were
established proposing innovations and improvements for sustainable development, the
first in Cametá, promoted by "networks of multiplier farmers" with proposals for
agroecological use and management and the second in Moju refers to programs to
encourage palm oil plantation.The main focus of the study is based on the following
questions: what are the main effects on sustainability that the innovations in land
management and sustainable development introduced by the National Program for the
Production and Use of Biodiesel (PNPB) on the one hand and Networks of multiplier
farmers, with agroecological management proposals on the other, lead to family
agroecosystems? Have these interventions provided improvements with sustainability?
The research hypothesis suggests that the technical-productive innovations promoted in
family agroecosystems by the multiplier farmers are more sustainable. The general
objective is to analyze the main effects of technical-productive interventions in land use,
on the sustainability of family agro-ecosystems. The specific objectives are to verify if
the interventions provided improvements with socio-environmental quality; to evaluate
comparatively the quality of the soil in systems of use of familiar agro-ecosystems, that
had differentiated technical-productive interventions; and to distinguish the main modes
of use practiced in the familiar agroecosystems in order to elucidate their relations with
the biophysical environment and with the different ways of managing the fertility of the
environment. For the development of other companies in other regions in Cametá:
Caripi, with dry land ecosystem and Cupijó, with dry land ecosystems and floodplains.
The methodological procedures used were surveys with semi-structured forms and
description and soil collect for laboratory analysis. The results obtained from four
dimensions indicators of sustainability showed that the interventions, to a certain extent,
reached the objectives, but many problems were observed, such as those that reflect a
relationship between farmers and technicians, that still can not surpass the conception of
"transmission of knowledge and technology", in the case of the intervention in Calmaria
II. In the communities of Ajó and Inacha, the most determining reasons for some
differences would be the assiduity and intensity of technical assistance attributed more
to Ajó; The fact that these family agroecosystems have availability of a diversified
biophysical environment (dry land and foodplain), allowing greater variation in
production systems; and the consequent reduction of the use of fire. In the communities
of São José and Água Preta the most significant cause of the distinctions between them
would be that São José has a higher income, due to the period of the palm harvest,
which coincides with that of the Água Preta (neighboring community to the large palm
oil plantations. This fact guarantees a better price of the production to São José. This
difference in the harvest and off-season months would be related to the water supply,
available to the culture in São José, during the rainy season, caused the main differences
between the two types of agro-ecosystems are that they do not have the same
characteristics as the biophysical environment, and that there are different levels of
satisfaction with the oil palm. Environment are determined by the management of the
fertility of the environment of each one, constituting the differentiation between the
production systems in each specific environment. The data indicated that, according to
the environments, farmers take advantage of the different potentialities of use, adapting
the ways of managing the fertility of the natural environment. The soil attributes that
were considered significant to evaluate sustainability indicate that the land uses studied
presented little expressive differences. The biophysical environment was determinant
for some types to stand out positively. By the pedological analysis of Ajó locality (SAF)
it is noticeable that their soils are more naturally enriched in exchangeable bases (K+
,
Ca2+, Mg2+). In São José, some physical factors are better, because the soils retain water
for a longer time, making this available to the palm oil tree for a longer period in the dry
season.
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