Cyperus articulatus L., commonly known as priprioca, belongs to the Cyperaceae family. Occurring in places with flooded soil, it produces an essential oil that is being widely used in the manufacture of perfumes. There are some works that deal with its morphology, however, no information was found about its anatomical structure. In view of this, the authors proposed to know the anatomy of these vegetative organs to subsidize taxonomic and pharmacognostic studies. The collection was done at the UFRA experiment (Belém), seedlings coming from the Boa Vista community, Acará. The techniques used were the usual ones in plant anatomy. As a result, we noticed that in the rhizome, stem and leaf the lining tissue is formed by irregular cells, covered by a thin cuticle, interrupted, sporadically, by nests of fibers and stomas were only found in the stem. As for the cortical region, in the rhizome we identified sub-regions: external fundamental parenchyma (sub-epidermal), ring of fibrous cells (exodermis), internal fundamental parenchyma and the endodermis. While in the thatch these subregions are poorly developed. The vascular region of the rhizome, as to the arrangement of the vascular elements, resembles an amphivasal bundle, surrounded by a fibrous sheath. However, in the thatch, we find three types of vessel elements and phloem, alternating, in relation to the presence or absence of parenchymatic sheath: Type I - totally involved by the sheath; Type II - interrupted parenchymatic sheath and filled by fiber nests; Type III - with reduced sheath and interspersed by a fibrous layer at the xylem level. The mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade parenchyma and lacunose parenchyma, what is observed is a layer of cells in the vicinity of the adaxal and abaxal surface and between them a large aerenchyma, interrupted by a type III vascular system. In the species studied some anatomical characteristics common to the Cyperaceae family were observed, although there are specificities to the taxon. PNOPG - 00000/01.
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