Some species of the genus Aspidosperma Mart & Zucc are highly sought after for the quality of their wood, which is generally heavy and hard. The exchange of wood species for external similarity is common in the Amazon, which has compromised its commercialization and led some to the risk of extinction. The present work aims to characterize four species of the genus Aspidosperma at the anatomical level, with the objective of indicating them for specific studies that may diagnose that they can replace those potentially threatened with extinction of the same genus. The macroscopic and microscopic descriptions followed the traditional methodologies used for wood anatomy studies. Through analysis of the results, it was concluded that the species A. auriculatum Markgr., A. macrocarpon Mart., A. verbascifolium Müll. Arg. and A. steinbachii Markgr. presented an anatomical configuration similar to some species of Aspidosperma that are intensively explored such as: A. carapanauba Pichon., A. desmanthum Benth. Ex Müll. Arg., A. album (Vahl) Benth. Ex Pichon. and A. sandwithianum Markgr. Based on the results obtained, it is considered that the species studied can be indicated for the study of their physical-mechanical properties, thus increasing the diversity of Amazonian species with potential for commercialization and reducing the exploitation pressure on the others that were mentioned.
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