This research is linked to the project Traditional Fish Populations: anthropic impacts, use and management of biodiversity in riverside and coastal communities of the Brazilian Amazon - RENASCCH-MPEG and aims to trace an anthropological profile of the process of sociocultural change, at the level of change of values, of three riverside communities in the municipality of São Domingos do Capim in Pará, taking as a focus of investigation the action of the school in this process. This is a research with a qualitative approach, of the ethnographic type, whose methods are participant observation, formal and informal interviews, meetings with residents and textbook analysis. We verified that the riverine school, through the school curriculum (official curriculum and hidden curriculum), presents itself as a disturbing factor for these agropesque populations, generating intense socio-cultural and environmental conflicts. The riverside school, by teaching modern values, the urban way of life, and scientific knowledge as the only legitimate ones encourages the migratory process and contributes to the socio-cultural decharacterization of the communities. Formal education is also responsible for the gradual dissolution of a pattern of attitudes and relationships between people, nature, and supernature, based on the native category of respect, which enables conflicting changes in the relationships between riverside people and nature, as well as between community generations. We conclude that it is necessary to rethink the school model adopted in the rural areas of the Amazon and defend an educational policy that: considers the interaction between the caboclo culture and science, through a restructuring of the curriculum; ensures initial and continuing quality formal education for educators and provides students with critical knowledge and autonomy for the struggle for democratization of the countryside.
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