The order Odonata is one of the oldest orders of insects found on the planet, inhabiting it since the time of the Upper Carboniferous. They are widely distributed in the Neotropical region, with approximately 640 species recorded in Brazil and about 5,300 species worldwide. Their representatives are easily identifiable because they are distinguished from other insects by having two pairs of strongly innervated wings, a chewing mouth apparatus and well-developed compound eyes. This work aimed to survey and identify the odonate species, considering the great potential of the order as natural biological controllers because they are voracious predators and active throughout their lives, especially in the immature stage. The collections were made in two different points on Mosqueiro Island: Baía do Sol beach and Ariramba beach, which were chosen for being potentially suitable areas for obtaining specimens. The results obtained so far recorded the occurrence of three families on the island: Aeshnidae, Coenagrionidae and Libellulidae. In the Aeshnidae family Anatya sp. was identified, in the Libellulidae family the genera Erythrodiplax sp., Tramea sp., Tauriphila sp. and Coryphaeschna sp. were identified, and in the Coenagrionidae family the genus Ischnura sp. The work is still in progress and the data obtained so far are not conclusive; however, the immature Odonata specimens raised in the laboratory have proven to act as biological controllers.
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