The Amazon region has been subjected to continuous deforestation and expansion of land use, for the implementation of activities such as farming, logging, agriculture, mining and urbanization. The burning and decomposition of forest biomass release gases contribute to the greenhouse effect such as carbon dioxide (CO2). In this context arises the interest in evaluating the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux in the Amazon, especially in agroforestry systems of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), as the highlight of the production of this crop in the state of Para, which had a reasonable expansion , transforming the state of Pará in one of the largest growers and producers in the country. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of soil CO2 efflux in agroforestry systems where oil palm is the main crop, the timescale and the biotic and abiotic factors that directly influence this process. carbon soil microbial biomass were quantified, total soil carbon, soil microbial respiration, fine soil and root zone of influence of the species; and abiotic factors: moisture and soil temperature at two agroforestry oil palm cultivation, Spreaders system and biodiverse system. Measurements were made during the dry and rainy. The results showed that the higher soil CO2 efflux occurred in the rainy season, probably due to increased microbial activity in this period influenced by climatic factors allied to biotic factors. The biodiverse showed the highest soil CO2 efflux than Spreaders system, probably due to higher biological activity in the soil in the system. Soil CO2 efflux showed strong correlation with the variables tested. It was concluded that the soil CO2 efflux was influenced only of seasonality. The fact of the planting area is very young can be a determining factor that has not been found stronger relationship of soil respiration with the variables analyzed.
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