Drosophilidae is one of the largest families of acaliptrate dipterans, with about 4,500 species, with 305 species recorded for Brazil. In general, they represent cosmopolitan dipterans, but some species are restricted to certain environments. Drosophilids play an important role in the saprophytic food chain, as their larvae feed on fermenting microorganisms present in decaying substrates such as fruits. Furthermore, they represent important model organisms in areas such as basic genetics and molecular biology. However, ecological knowledge about neotropical drosophilid species is still incipient, especially for the Brazilian Amazon. The largest number of Drosophilidae records are concentrated in the South and Southeast of the country, with a comparatively low number of studies carried out in the North and Northeast regions. In this context, the objective was to provide comprehensive information on the taxonomic diversity and geographic distribution of the family in the Amazon biome. Compilations of bibliographical references on the records of drosophilids in the Brazilian Amazon and on the database of online entomological collections were carried out. In the present study, 165 species of Drosophilidae were registered for the Brazilian Amazon, grouped in 13 genera. The genus with the highest species richness was Drosophila, with 105 species, followed by Zygothrica and Hirtodrosophila, with 24 and 10 species, respectively. The state with the highest species richness in the compilation was Pará, with 150 recorded species, followed by Amazonas and Mato Grosso.
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