Introduction. Malaria is an infectious disease, transmitted by protozoa of the genus
Plasmodium and remains one of the most important parasitic diseases affecting millions of
people annually. Objective: To investigate the factors associated with the transmission of
vivax malaria in the municipality of Anajás-PA. Methodology: Casecontrol study with
children and adolescents, aged 2 to 16 years in the city of Anajás-PA. The cases were children
and adolescents diagnosed with vivax malaria confirmed by thick drop examination. Controls
were healthy children and adolescents with no previous history of malaria and two negative,
thick drop tests. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and prevention measures data were
collected. Results: 119 children and adolescents participated in the study, being 58 (48.7%)
cases and 61 (51.3%) controls, residents of Anajás-PA. The analysis of sociodemographic
data shows a predominance of males, with no statistical difference in the study groups. In the
case group, most of the caregivers had autonomous occupation (85.7%), received family
allowance (82.9%) and lived with family income with less than one minimum wage (62.2%),
with a statistically significant difference in relation to the control group (p <0.05). Education
of mothers and / or guardians was at higher risk for infection with an unadjusted OR of 9.38
(CI%, 3.0129.21; p <0.0001) and adjusted OR of 6.44 (CI% , 1.9820.93; p = 0.0020).
Family income was independently associated with an increased risk of vivax malaria infection
in the bivariate analysis, with a gross OR of 2.54 (CI%, 1.185.45; p = 0.0258). Regarding the
use of preventive measures, lack of sanitary sewage and knowledge about the transmission of
infection were associated with increased risk of infection in the bivariate analysis with crude
OR of 19.44 (CI%, 4.3487). , 14; p <0.0001) and adjusted OR of 21.70 (IC%, 4.55103.42; p
<0.0001) and gross OR of 2.58 (IC% 1.116 .00; p = 0.0425) and adjusted OR 2.75 (IC%,
1.037.32; p = 0.0429), respectively. The mosquito net was the most commonly adopted
prevention measure regardless of the study groups (cases = 82.8% and controls = 86.9%) and
the use of mesh at home was the least adopted measure (case = 10.3% and control = 14.8%).
Nutritional status was not associated with malaria infection in the population studied.
Conclusion: Most were aware of the mode of transmission of malaria and that low education
of mothers or guardians and the absence of adequate sanitation were associated with the
transmission of vivax malaria in the municipality of Anajás.
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