Introduction: Several polymorphisms of FAS and FASL genes are being associated
with an increase in susceptibility to various pathologies, such as lymphoproliferative
syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis,
and various types of cancer, for example, prostate, breast, and lung. Therefore, this
study aims to assess the presence and describe the occurrence and prevalence of
FAS -670A/G and FASL -124A/G polymorphisms in patients diagnosed with leukemia
or lymphoma. Material and method: The study in question is cross-sectional and
descriptive with a quantitative approach to the data obtained. The collection of
biological material from cancer patients diagnosed with leukemia and lymphomas
took place in the database of Hospital Ophir Loyola (HOL) and was analyzed at the
Laboratory of Virology (LABVIR) of the Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). The
identification of the genotypes of the polymorphisms was performed by the real-time
PCR technique. The data obtained were stored and grouped using tables, and
calculations of prevalence and association between polymorphisms in the FAS and
FASL genes and the diagnosis of leukemia/lymphoma were performed using the Chi -Square and G Tests. Results: Polymorphisms of FAS and FASL genes were
investigated in a population group composed of 221 patient samples, where 205
were diagnosed with leukemia and 16 with lymphoma. For comparative purposes, we
used the genotypic prevalence of these polymorphisms found in a healthy population
sample (control) in the study by Santana et al. (2013). However, no statistical
relevance was observed in the genotypic frequency or the allele frequency in the
analysis of both polymorphisms. Discussion: In the present study, we evaluated the
possible association between FAS and FASL gene polymorphisms with the
development of leukemias and lymphomas, but without observing significant results.
Concerning this research, the genotypic and allelic distribution characteristics of the
Fas -670 gene and the FasL -124 gene polymorphisms observed in this study were
similar to other results obtained in the literature. It is necessary to take into account
some limitations present in this study, such as the small number of samples studied,
in addition to the lack of more specific data on patients and their diseases, which
could contribute to a greater analysis of the involvement of polymorphisms. The
differences in allelic and genotypic frequencies observed when comparing the results
of the present study with those described in other studies may be due to differences
in the ethnic composition of the populations studied, considering that the population
of Belém has a hybrid composition consisting of a mixture of whites, blacks, and
Indians. Conclusion: Therefore, our results cannot suggest any relationship between
FAS/FASL polymorphisms and the occurrence of leukemias and lymphomas,
requiring a broader approach with a greater number of samples, always taking into
account ethnic differences of populations.
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