Sugarcane bagasse fibers are a renewable and low-cost raw material that can be used to produce polymer composites, with a series of environmental and economic benefits. This work aims to determine the physical and mechanical properties of composites manufactured with different proportions of sugarcane bagasse fibers treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 2% and 5%, and untreated fibers. The fibers were subjected to analysis to determine Total Soluble Solids (TSS), specific mass and morphological analysis. The composites were manufactured manually in silicone molds. Physical tests and mechanical tensile tests were carried out. The TSS analysis showed that after 48 hours of washing and immersion the °Brix reached 0, demonstrating the absence of TSS in the solution. The pH also decreased during this period, suggesting that the process was effective in removing soluble solids. Untreated sugarcane bagasse fiber has a specific mass of 0.658 g/cm³, while treated fiber has a specific mass of 0.919 g/cm³. The morphological analysis of fresh fibers from sugarcane bagasse showed a fibrous structure with residual material and pores. Treatment with 2% NaOH resulted in aligned fibers, pores and reduced residual material, while treatment with 5% NaOH produced cleaner, rougher fibers. The untreated composites exhibited lower specific mass, greater porosity and water absorption compared to the full matrix, while the alkaline treated composites showed higher specific mass, porosity and water absorption compared to the full matrix. The tensile test carried out on the composites with and without alkaline treatment did not present specimens with a tensile strength limit higher than the full matrix. Composites treated with 5% NaOH demonstrated the best tensile strength limit results, revealing that the alkaline treatment was effective in improving mechanical properties. Sugarcane bagasse composites were considered as filler, as they did not effectively contribute to improving the mechanical properties of the composite. This is due to the fact that the mechanical properties of the composite did not exceed those of the full matrix.
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