Introduction: Birth care has undergone several transformations throughout history. From
being attended by midwives, childbirth began to be transferred to the hospital environment due
to the development of surgical techniques. As a result, cesarean sections progressively began
to be indicated at times when vaginal deliveries presented risks of maternal and perinatal death.
The surgical procedure should be performed in cases of justified need. In the WHO ranking,
however, Brazil ranks second among the countries that perform the most cesareans with a rate
of 55% and the municipality of Altamira: 62.44%, values well above the limit recommended
by the WHO. General Purpose: To analyze the indications for cesarean sections in a maternal
reference hospital in the city of Altamira-PA. Methodology: This is a descriptive, retrospective,
quantitative work, which will be carried out through the collection of data from the medical
records of pregnant women at the Hospital Geral de Altamira (HGA). Results: Of the total of
8777 births that occurred in the period 2019-2022 at the HGA, 58.43% occurred by cesarean
section. It is also evident that ICD O48 (prolonged pregnancy) represents the highest indication
for this type of delivery (15.95%). The sociodemographic characteristics emphasized that the
study population was characterized by young women, predominantly aged between 15 and 35
years (91.80%). As for obstetric history, 42.12% were primiparous, against 57.78% of
multiparous women. Of the total number of pregnant patients, 43.74% had already undergone
previous cesarean sections. Conclusion: There is a high incidence of cesarean deliveries in the
municipality, being above half of the total number of deliveries. it is essential to avoid
unnecessary interventions in pregnant women and to reduce the high rates of cesarean deliveries
without indication and to expand the practice of humanized childbirth.
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