Evaluation of the isokinetic strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles of the shoulders in different groups of aquatic activity practitioners
Muscular strength is a determining biomechanical feature of performance in a hydrodynamic environment and its assessment is a common procedure within a training program. This academic dissertation was divided into two articles, which had the following aims: (i) to analyze the effects of front crawl...
| Autor principal: | Carneiro, Neice Bahia |
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| Outros Autores: | http://lattes.cnpq.br/0376922514277535, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5058-5479 |
| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | eng |
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Universidade Federal do Amazonas
2024
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/10036 |
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oai:https:--tede.ufam.edu.br-handle-:tede-100362024-03-05T05:03:45Z Evaluation of the isokinetic strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles of the shoulders in different groups of aquatic activity practitioners Carneiro, Neice Bahia Jesus, Kelly de http://lattes.cnpq.br/0376922514277535 http://lattes.cnpq.br/2410360015611071 Machado, João Cláudio Braga Pereira http://lattes.cnpq.br/5265855153671399 Fernandes, Ricardo Jorge Pinto https://www.cienciavitae.pt/4617-9491-6115 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5058-5479 Esportes aquáticos Biomecânica Mecânica humana CIENCIAS DA SAUDE: EDUCACAO FISICA Biomecânica Dinamômetro isocinético Desempenho Atividades aquáticas Parâmetros de centralidade Biomechanics Isokinetic dynamometer Performance Aquatic activities Centrality parameters Muscular strength is a determining biomechanical feature of performance in a hydrodynamic environment and its assessment is a common procedure within a training program. This academic dissertation was divided into two articles, which had the following aims: (i) to analyze the effects of front crawl technique used by different groups of aquatic activity practitioners on the isokinetic shoulder joint strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles; (ii) to analyze the effect of two angular velocities on the network structures of shoulder isokinetic strength and aquatic activities. Twenty-seven practitioners of competitive swimming (n = 7), open water (n = 7), triathlon (n = 7) and water polo (n = 6) participated in each study. In both articles, the evaluation was carried out using a Biodex System 4.0 isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA) with maximum concentric actions in the movements of internal and external rotation, flexion and extension of the shoulders at angular speeds of 60 and 180°/s (three and 20 repetitions, respectively). In the first study, the variables peak torque (N·m), total work (J), coefficient of variation (%), ER/IR ratio and FL/EX ratio (%) and fatigue index (%) were analyzed. In the second, the isokinetic variables (peak torque (N·m) and total work (J)) of the preferred and non-preferred side and aquatic activities (swimming, open water, triathlon and water polo) were used. For the first aim (study 1), the equivalent non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The post-hoc test verified differences (p < 0.05) between groups through paired comparisons between competitive swimming vs. open water vs. triathlon and water polo. For the second aim (study 2), the Network Analysis Machine Learning technique was used to verify the multiple simultaneous relationships between isokinetic strength variables and aquatic activities, using three centrality measures in z scores: expected influence, closeness centrality, and strength centrality. The first study showed that, open water practitioners showed lower values of isokinetic strength than water polo for right shoulder internal rotation (total work at 60°/s; p = 0.033, ES = -0.251, and peak torque at 180°/s; p = 0.036, ES = -0.250) and left shoulder flexion (peak torque p = 0.041, ES = -0.248 and total work; p = 0.047, ES = -0.246), both at 60°/s. The front crawl technique used by different groups of aquatic activity practitioners seemed to influence isokinetic strength response on dry land. By learning that these variables might affect performance, coaches of these aquatic activities can identify training strategies to prevent injuries. The second study showed that, by changing the angular velocity, the most prominent variables in the network structures also change concerning the centrality parameters. The total external rotation work of the non-preferred side took a central position at the angular velocity of 60°/s. The variable “aquatic activities” showed a peripheral positioning at both angular velocities. If the angular velocity of 180°/s is considered the closest to the specific features of the aquatic activities represented here, the total work of internal rotation (1.000) and peak torque of extension (0.959), both on the preferred side, showed great influence on performance of these aquatic activities. A força muscular é uma das características biomecânicas determinantes do desempenho em um ambiente hidrodinâmico e a avaliação desta variável é um procedimento comum dentro de um programa de treinamento. Esta dissertação foi dividida em dois artigos, os quais tiveram os seguintes objetivos: (i) Analisar os efeitos da técnica de crawl ventral utilizada por diferentes grupos de praticantes de atividades aquáticas sobre a força isocinética da articulação do ombro dos músculos rotadores internos e externos, flexores e extensores; (ii) Analisar o efeito de duas velocidades angulares nas estruturas de rede da força isocinética do ombro e das atividades aquáticas. Em cada estudo, participaram 27 praticantes da natação competitiva (n = 7), águas abertas (n = 7), triatlo (n = 7) e polo aquático (n = 6). Em ambos os artigos a avaliação foi feita usando um dinamômetro isocinético Biodex System 4.0 (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, EUA) com ações concêntricas máximas nos movimentos de rotação interna e externa, flexão e extensão dos ombros nas velocidades angulares de 60 e 180°/s (três e 20 repetições, respectivamente). No primeiro estudo foram analisadas as variáveis pico de torque (N·m), trabalho total (J), coeficiente de variação (%), razão de equilíbrio convencional (RE/RI, FL/EX) (%) e índice de fadiga (%). No segundo, foram utilizadas as variáveis isocinéticas (pico de torque (N·m) e trabalho total (J)) dos membros preferido e não preferido e as atividades aquáticas (natação, águas abertas, triatlo e polo aquático). Para atender ao primeiro objetivo (estudo 1) utilizou-se o teste equivalente não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, onde o teste post-hoc verificou as diferenças (p < 0,05) entre os grupos por meio de comparações pareadas entre natação competitiva vs. águas abertas vs. triatlo e polo aquático. Para atender ao segundo objetivo (estudo 2), foi utilizada a técnica Network Analysis Machine Learning para verificar as múltiplas relações simultâneas entre as variáveis de força isocinética e as atividades aquáticas, por meio de três medidas de centralidade em escores z: expected influence, closeness centrality e strength centrality. O primeiro estudo mostrou que os praticantes de águas abertas apresentaram valores de força isocinética inferiores aos de polo aquático para rotação interna do ombro direito (trabalho total a 60°/s; p = 0,033, ES = -0,251, e pico de torque a 180°/s; p = 0,036, ES = -0,250) e flexão do ombro esquerdo (pico de torque p = 0,041, ES = -0,248 e trabalho total; p = 0,047, ES = -0,246), ambos a 60°/s. A técnica de crawl ventral utilizada por diferentes grupos de praticantes de atividades aquáticas pareceu influenciar a resposta da força isocinética. Ao compreender que estas variáveis podem afetar o desempenho, treinadores dessas atividades aquáticas podem identificar estratégias de treino para prevenir lesões. O segundo estudo mostrou que, ao mudar a velocidade angular, as variáveis mais proeminentes nas estruturas da rede também mudaram no que diz respeito aos parâmetros de centralidade. O trabalho total de rotação externa do lado não preferido assumiu posição central na velocidade angular 60°/s. A variável atividades aquáticas apresentou um posicionamento periférico em ambas as velocidades angulares. Se a velocidade angular de 180°/s for considerada a mais próxima das características específicas das atividades aquáticas aqui representadas, o trabalho total de rotação interna (1,000) e o pico de torque de extensão (0,959), ambos do lado preferencial, apresentaram grande influência no desempenho dessas atividades aquáticas. Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas 2024-03-04T18:01:10Z 2024-01-10 Dissertação CARNEIRO, Neice Bahia. Evaluation of the isokinetic strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles of the shoulders in different groups of aquatic activity practitioners. 2024. 64 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências do Movimento Humano) - Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, 2024. https://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/10036 eng Acesso Aberto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ application/pdf Universidade Federal do Amazonas Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia Brasil UFAM Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano |
| institution |
TEDE - Universidade Federal do Amazonas |
| collection |
TEDE-UFAM |
| language |
eng |
| topic |
Esportes aquáticos Biomecânica Mecânica humana CIENCIAS DA SAUDE: EDUCACAO FISICA Biomecânica Dinamômetro isocinético Desempenho Atividades aquáticas Parâmetros de centralidade Biomechanics Isokinetic dynamometer Performance Aquatic activities Centrality parameters |
| spellingShingle |
Esportes aquáticos Biomecânica Mecânica humana CIENCIAS DA SAUDE: EDUCACAO FISICA Biomecânica Dinamômetro isocinético Desempenho Atividades aquáticas Parâmetros de centralidade Biomechanics Isokinetic dynamometer Performance Aquatic activities Centrality parameters Carneiro, Neice Bahia Evaluation of the isokinetic strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles of the shoulders in different groups of aquatic activity practitioners |
| topic_facet |
Esportes aquáticos Biomecânica Mecânica humana CIENCIAS DA SAUDE: EDUCACAO FISICA Biomecânica Dinamômetro isocinético Desempenho Atividades aquáticas Parâmetros de centralidade Biomechanics Isokinetic dynamometer Performance Aquatic activities Centrality parameters |
| description |
Muscular strength is a determining biomechanical feature of performance in a hydrodynamic environment and its assessment is a common procedure within a training program. This academic dissertation was divided into two articles, which had the following aims: (i) to analyze the effects of front crawl technique used by different groups of aquatic activity practitioners on the isokinetic shoulder joint strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles; (ii) to analyze the effect of two angular velocities on the network structures of shoulder isokinetic strength and aquatic activities. Twenty-seven practitioners of competitive swimming (n = 7), open water (n = 7), triathlon (n = 7) and water polo (n = 6) participated in each study. In both articles, the evaluation was carried out using a Biodex System 4.0 isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems, Shirley, NY, USA) with maximum concentric actions in the movements of internal and external rotation, flexion and extension of the shoulders at angular speeds of 60 and 180°/s (three and 20 repetitions, respectively). In the first study, the variables peak torque (N·m), total work (J), coefficient of variation (%), ER/IR ratio and FL/EX ratio (%) and fatigue index (%) were analyzed. In the second, the isokinetic variables (peak torque (N·m) and total work (J)) of the preferred and non-preferred side and aquatic activities (swimming, open water, triathlon and water polo) were used. For the first aim (study 1), the equivalent non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The post-hoc test verified differences (p < 0.05) between groups through paired comparisons between competitive swimming vs. open water vs. triathlon and water polo. For the second aim (study 2), the Network Analysis Machine Learning technique was used to verify the multiple simultaneous relationships between isokinetic strength variables and aquatic activities, using three centrality measures in z scores: expected influence, closeness centrality, and strength centrality. The first study showed that, open water practitioners showed lower values of isokinetic strength than water polo for right shoulder internal rotation (total work at 60°/s; p = 0.033, ES = -0.251, and peak torque at 180°/s; p = 0.036, ES = -0.250) and left shoulder flexion (peak torque p = 0.041, ES = -0.248 and total work; p = 0.047, ES = -0.246), both at 60°/s. The front crawl technique used by different groups of aquatic activity practitioners seemed to influence isokinetic strength response on dry land. By learning that these variables might affect performance, coaches of these aquatic activities can identify training strategies to prevent injuries. The second study showed that, by changing the angular velocity, the most prominent variables in the network structures also change concerning the centrality parameters. The total external rotation work of the non-preferred side took a central position at the angular velocity of 60°/s. The variable “aquatic activities” showed a peripheral positioning at both angular velocities. If the angular velocity of 180°/s is considered the closest to the specific features of the aquatic activities represented here, the total work of internal rotation (1.000) and peak torque of extension (0.959), both on the preferred side, showed great influence on performance of these aquatic activities. |
| author_additional |
Jesus, Kelly de |
| author_additionalStr |
Jesus, Kelly de |
| format |
Dissertação |
| author |
Carneiro, Neice Bahia |
| author2 |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0376922514277535 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5058-5479 |
| author2Str |
http://lattes.cnpq.br/0376922514277535 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5058-5479 |
| title |
Evaluation of the isokinetic strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles of the shoulders in different groups of aquatic activity practitioners |
| title_short |
Evaluation of the isokinetic strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles of the shoulders in different groups of aquatic activity practitioners |
| title_full |
Evaluation of the isokinetic strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles of the shoulders in different groups of aquatic activity practitioners |
| title_fullStr |
Evaluation of the isokinetic strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles of the shoulders in different groups of aquatic activity practitioners |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of the isokinetic strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles of the shoulders in different groups of aquatic activity practitioners |
| title_sort |
evaluation of the isokinetic strength of the internal and external rotator, flexor, and extensor muscles of the shoulders in different groups of aquatic activity practitioners |
| publisher |
Universidade Federal do Amazonas |
| publishDate |
2024 |
| url |
https://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/10036 |
| _version_ |
1831970295556079616 |
| score |
11.753735 |