Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is one of the most well-known drugs and also one of
the most used worldwide in general anesthesia, both as an anesthetic inducer and in
total intravenous anesthetic maintenance (TIVA), being widely used in Veterinary
Medicine. Such popularity is due to the fact that this drug provides a rapid return of
consciousness and minimal residual effects. Like all drugs used in Veterinary
Medicine, propofol also has adverse effects on its use. Among the main unwanted
effects of this drug can be cited cyanosis and apnea, reduced blood pressure,
decreased cardiac output, anaphylactic reactions, myoclonus and phenomena similar
to seizures. The mechanisms of action of propofol are still not well understood,
however, a possible interaction of the drug with GABA receptors has been pointed
out as one of those responsible for the power of action of this drug. There is also the
inhibition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor through modulation of the
regulation of the channel, as a mechanism responsible for the action in the central
nervous system. The present study aimed to present a literature review on different
anesthetic protocols with the use of propofol, old and recent, in an attempt to
minimize the occurrence of its adverse effects as much as possible. Among the main
anesthetic coinducers associated with propofol, we can mention: ketamine,
acepromazine, melatonin, dexmedetomidine and fentanyl, which present good trans
and postoperative results, being widely used in the veterinary anesthetic routine.
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